contact:
- organization: {email: ncei.info@noaa.gov, name: NOAA National Centers for Environmental
      Information}
  roles: [custodian]
- organization: {email: null, name: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information}
  roles: [custodian]
distribution:
- name: {en: Project Metadata, fr: Project Metadata (FR)}
  url: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0278913.html
- name: {en: NCEI Dataset Landing Page, fr: NCEI Dataset Landing Page (FR)}
  url: https://doi.org/10.25921/r7xa-bt92
- name: {en: Descriptive Information, fr: Descriptive Information (FR)}
  url: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/278913
- name: {en: HTTPS, fr: HTTPS (FR)}
  url: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/278913
- name: {en: FTP, fr: FTP (FR)}
  url: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0219/0278913/
- name: {en: CIOOS HTTP, fr: SIOOC HTTP}
  url: https://data.cioospacific.ca/ocads/gov.noaa.nodc_0278913/
identification:
  abstract:
    en: 'The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity.
      The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification
      of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version
      2023 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements
      on ships, moorings, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global
      oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2023. The main synthesis and gridded products
      contain fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. Sensor
      fCO2 data with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are separately available.


      During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as
      well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2
      values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of
      better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and
      a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe
      the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2023. Quality control
      comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer
      (www.socat.info).


      All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made
      public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all
      data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of
      A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated
      accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via
      additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al.,
      2016).


      SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude
      resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by
      0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain
      all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags
      of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available
      monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers,
      the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation
      of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be
      downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View
      also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data
      products are discoverable, accessible and citable.


      The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge
      the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially
      for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific
      articles.


      The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online
      viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors
      and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of
      data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version
      4 onwards. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification
      and for evaluation of climate models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform
      the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013.


      The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community are a Voluntary
      Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean
      Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute
      to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade
      of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.


      Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite
      SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value
      chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides
      policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations.
      The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future)
      variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations
      imperative.'
    fr: 'The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity.
      The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification
      of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version
      2023 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements
      on ships, moorings, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global
      oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2023. The main synthesis and gridded products
      contain fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. Sensor
      fCO2 data with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are separately available.


      During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as
      well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2
      values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of
      better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and
      a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe
      the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2023. Quality control
      comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer
      (www.socat.info).


      All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made
      public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all
      data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of
      A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated
      accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via
      additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al.,
      2016).


      SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude
      resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by
      0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain
      all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags
      of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available
      monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers,
      the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation
      of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be
      downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View
      also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data
      products are discoverable, accessible and citable.


      The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge
      the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially
      for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific
      articles.


      The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online
      viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors
      and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of
      data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version
      4 onwards. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification
      and for evaluation of climate models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform
      the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013.


      The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community are a Voluntary
      Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean
      Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute
      to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade
      of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.


      Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite
      SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value
      chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides
      policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations.
      The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future)
      variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations
      imperative. (FR)'
    translations:
      fr: {message: Auto-translated using AWS, validated: false}
  acknowledgement: acknowledgement
  associated_resources: []
  keywords:
    default:
      en: [0278913, ATM_PPRE, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS,
        BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, 'BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium', BJERKNES
          > Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences,
        Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS, Coastal
          Carbon Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
        'DE/GEOMAR > GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany',
        'DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S.
          Department of Commerce', Data synthesis product, EQUILIBRATORS, EQ_PRE,
        EQ_TMP, Flanders Marine Institute, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research
          Kiel, 'IOW > Leibniz Institute Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemuende,
          Germany', Indian Ocean, 'JP/NIES > National Institute for Environmental
          Studies, Japan', Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Moorings and
          Time Series Project, Moorings and Time Series project, NORCE Norwegian Research
          Centre, National Institute for Environmental Studies, North Atlantic Ocean,
        North Pacific Ocean, OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN, OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH
          ATLANTIC OCEAN, OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN, OCEAN > INDIAN
          OCEAN, OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN, OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN
          > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN, OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN, Ocean Carbon and Acidification
          Data System (OCADS) Project, Pacific Ocean, SALINOMETERS, SOCAT, SOCATv2023
          Data Synthesis Product, SOCATv2023 database, SOCATv2023 gridded data product,
        SOOP, SSS, SST, Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP), Ship of Opportunity Programme
          (SOOP), South Atlantic Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Southern Ocean, Surface
          Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), Surface measurement, TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE
          SENSORS, US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, University
          of Colorado - Boulder, University of East Anglia, barometric pressure sensor,
        chemical, fCO2, meteorological, salinometer, showerhead equilibrator, surface
          underway, temperature sensor]
      fr: [0278913 (FR), ATM_PPRE (FR), Arctic Ocean (FR), Atlantic Ocean (FR), BAROMETERS
          > BAROMETERS (FR), BAROMETRIC PRESSURE (FR), 'BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine
          Institute, Belgium (FR)', BJERKNES > Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
          (FR), Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (FR), Bjerknes Centre for Climate
          Research (FR), CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS (FR), Coastal Carbon Project
          (FR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (FR),
        'DE/GEOMAR > GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany (FR)',
        'DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S.
          Department of Commerce (FR)', Data synthesis product (FR), EQUILIBRATORS
          (FR), EQ_PRE (FR), EQ_TMP (FR), Flanders Marine Institute (FR), GEOMAR Helmholtz
          Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (FR), 'IOW > Leibniz Institute Baltic Sea
          Research Institute, Warnemuende, Germany (FR)', Indian Ocean (FR), 'JP/NIES
          > National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (FR)', Leibniz Institute
          for Baltic Sea Research (FR), Moorings and Time Series Project (FR), Moorings
          and Time Series project (FR), NORCE Norwegian Research Centre (FR), National
          Institute for Environmental Studies (FR), North Atlantic Ocean (FR), North
          Pacific Ocean (FR), OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN (FR), OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN >
          NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN (FR), OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
          (FR), OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN (FR), OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
          (FR), OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN (FR), OCEAN > SOUTHERN
          OCEAN (FR), Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project (FR),
        Pacific Ocean (FR), SALINOMETERS (FR), SOCAT (FR), SOCATv2023 Data Synthesis
          Product (FR), SOCATv2023 database (FR), SOCATv2023 gridded data product
          (FR), SOOP (FR), SSS (FR), SST (FR), Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP)
          (FR), Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP) (FR), South Atlantic Ocean (FR),
        South Pacific Ocean (FR), Southern Ocean (FR), Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)
          (FR), Surface measurement (FR), TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS
          (FR), US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (FR), University
          of Colorado - Boulder (FR), University of East Anglia (FR), barometric pressure
          sensor (FR), chemical (FR), fCO2 (FR), meteorological (FR), salinometer
          (FR), showerhead equilibrator (FR), surface underway (FR), temperature sensor
          (FR)]
    eov:
      en: ['DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory,
          OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce', EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC
          CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
          > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE, EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC
          PRESSURE, EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS
          > SURFACE SALINITY, EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE,
        EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE, EARTH SCIENCE
          > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of
          carbon dioxide - atmosphere, SALINITY - SURFACE WATER, 'U-BERGEN/GEOPH >
          Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen', US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Atlantic
          Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, University of Bergen; Geophysical
          Institute, WATER TEMPERATURE, bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon
          dioxide (CO2) measurement, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, oceanography,
        partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water, physical]
      fr: ['DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory,
          OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce (FR)', EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE
          > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC
          CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE (FR), EARTH SCIENCE
          > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (FR), EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS
          > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY (FR), EARTH SCIENCE >
          OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE (FR), EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS >
          OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE (FR), EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY
          > SALINITY (FR), Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere
          (FR), SALINITY - SURFACE WATER (FR), 'U-BERGEN/GEOPH > Geophysical Institute,
          University of Bergen (FR)', US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Atlantic Oceanographic and
          Meteorological Laboratory (FR), University of Bergen; Geophysical Institute
          (FR), WATER TEMPERATURE (FR), bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon
          dioxide (CO2) measurement (FR), carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (FR),
        oceanography (FR), partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water (FR), physical
          (FR)]
  project:
    en: [project_a, project_b]
    fr: [project_a in french, project_b in french]
  status: onGoing
  temporal_begin: '1950-07-31'
  temporal_duration: P1D
  temporal_end: '2025-04-16'
  time_coverage_resolution: P1D
  title:
    en: Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2023 (SOCATv2023) (NCEI Accession
      0278913)
    fr: Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2023 (SOCATv2023) (NCEI Accession
      0278913) (FR)
    translations:
      fr: {message: Auto-translated using AWS, validated: false}
instruments:
- description: {en: null, fr: null}
  id: null
  manufacturer: null
  type: {en: null, fr: null}
  version: null
- description: {en: null, fr: null}
  id: null
  manufacturer: null
  type: {en: null, fr: null}
  version: null
- description: {en: null, fr: null}
  id: null
  manufacturer: null
  type: {en: null, fr: null}
  version: null
- description: {en: null, fr: null}
  id: null
  manufacturer: null
  type: {en: null, fr: null}
  version: null
- description: {en: null, fr: null}
  id: null
  manufacturer: null
  type: {en: null, fr: null}
  version: null
- description: {en: null, fr: null}
  id: null
  manufacturer: null
  type: {en: null, fr: null}
  version: null
metadata:
  comment: auto-generated comment
  dates: {creation: '2024-01-01'}
  history:
  - scope: model
    statement:
      en: null
      fr: None (FR)
      translations:
        fr: {message: text translated using the Amazon translate service / texte traduit
            à l'aide du service de traduction Amazon, verified: false}
  - scope: model
    statement:
      en: null
      fr: None (FR)
      translations:
        fr: {message: text translated using the Amazon translate service / texte traduit
            à l'aide du service de traduction Amazon, verified: false}
  identifier: gov.noaa.nodc:0278913
  language: en
  maintenance_note: auto-generated
  naming_authority: ca.cioos
  scope: model
  use_constraints:
    licence: {code: CC-BY-4.0, title: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, url: 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}
    limitations:
      en: limitations in english
      fr: limitations in french
      translations:
        fr: {message: Auto-translated using AWS, validated: false}
spatial:
  bbox: [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0]
  description: description of the spatial extent or study area of the dataset
  descriptionIdentifier: A2345-FS323-DG434-345DG
  vertical: [0, 10]
  vertical_positive: down
