Contact Person: Name: Kevin Sullivan Organization: NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory Address: 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Phone: 305-361-4382 Email: Kevin.Sullivan@noaa.gov Investigator(s): Name: Rik Wanninkhof Organization: NOAA/AOML Address: 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl, 33149 Phone: 305-361-4379 Email: Rik.Wanninkhof@noaa.gov Dataset Information: Funding_Info: NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program Initial_Submission: 2013/09/20 Revised_Submission: 2013/09/20 Cruise Information: Experiment Name: HB1303_L1-2 Experiment Type: Research Cruise Cruise_ID (Expocode): 33HH20130701 Cruise_Info: AMAPPS - Cetacean and Turtle Abundance, AOML_SOOP_CO2 Geographical Region: North Atlantic Westernmost Longitude: -75 Easternmost Longitude: -64 Northernmost Latitude: 43 Southernmost Latitude: 36 Cruise Dates (YYYYMMDD) Start_Date: 20130701 End_Date: 20130818 Ports of Call: Newport, RI Vessel Name: Henry B. Bigelow Vessel ID: 33HH Vessel Owner: NOAA Variables Information: Variable Name: xCO2_EQU_ppm Description of Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature (ppm) Variable Name: xCO2_ATM_ppm Description of Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air (ppm) Variable Name: xCO2_ATM_interpolated_ppm Description of Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 in outside air associated with each water analysis. These values are interpolated between the bracketing averaged good xCO2_ATM analyses (ppm) Variable Name: PRES_EQU_hPa Description of Variable: Barometric pressure in the equilibrator headspace (hectopascals) Variable Name: PRES_ATM@SSP_hPa Description of Variable: Barometric pressure measured outside, corrected to sea level (hectopascals) Variable Name: TEMP_EQU_C Description of Variable: Water temperature in equilibrator (degrees Celsius) Variable Name: SST_C Description of Variable: Sea surface temperature (degrees Celsius) Variable Name: SAL_permil Description of Variable: Sea surface salinity on Practical Salinity Scale (permil) Variable Name: fCO2_SW@SST_uatm Description of Variable: Fugacity of CO2 in sea water at SST and 100% humidity (microatmospheres) Variable Name: fCO2_ATM_interpolated_uatm Description of Variable: Fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 at SST and 100% humidity (microatmospheres) Variable Name: dfCO2_uatm Description of Variable: Sea water fCO2 minus interpolated air fCO2 (microatmospheres) Variable Name: WOCE_QC_FLAG Description of Variable: Quality control flag for fCO2 values (2=good, 3=questionable) Variable Name: QC_SUBFLAG Description of Variable: Quality control subflag for fCO2 values, provides explanation when QC flag=3 Method Description: Equilibrator Design: Depth of Seawater Intake: 3 meters Location of Seawater Intake: Bow Equilibrator Type: Sprayhead above dynamic pool, with thermal jacket Equilibrator Volume: 0.95 L (0.4 L water, 0.55 L headspace) Water Flow Rate: 1.5 - 2.0 L/min Headspace Gas Flow Rate: 70 - 150 ml/min Vented: Yes Drying Method for CO2 in Water: Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry). Additional Information: Primary equlibrator is vented through a secondary equilibrator CO2 in Marine Air: Measurement: Yes, 5 readings in a group every 4.3 hours Location and Height: Mast above the bridge, ~35 meters above sea surface Drying Method: Gas stream passes through a thermoelectric condenser (~5 °C) and then through a Perma Pure (Nafion) dryer before reaching the analyzer (90% dry). CO2 Sensor: Measurement Method: Infrared absorption of dry sample gas Manufacturer: LI-COR Model: 6262 Frequency: Every 140 seconds, except during calibration Resolution Water: 0.01 microatmosphere Uncertainty Water: ± 1 microatmospheres Resolution Air: 0.01 ppm Uncertainty Air: ± 0.2 ppm Manufacturer of Calibration Gas: Scott-Marrin, Inc. - Std 1: JA02645, 204.75 ppm / Std 2: JA02273, 317.49 ppm / Std 3: JA02285, 372.23 ppm / Std 4: JA02647, 518.24 ppm / Std 5: JA03093, 0.00 ppm CO2 Sensor Calibration: The analyzer is calibrated every 4.3 hours with field standards that in turn were calibrated with primary standards that are directly traceable to the WMO scale. The zero gas is ultra-high purity air. Environmental Control: Instrument is located in an air-conditioned laboratory. Ultra-High Purity air (0.0 ppm CO2) and the high standard gas are used to zero and span the LI-COR analyzer. Method References: Pierrot, D., C. Neil, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lueger, T. Johannson, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, and C. E. Cosca (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data reduction routines, Deep-Sea Res II, 56, 512-522. Sea Surface Temperature: Location: After sea water pump, ~3 m below sea surface Manufacturer: Seabird Model: SBE-38 Accuracy: ± 0.001 °C Precision: 0.00025 °C Calibration: Factory calibration Comments: Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision; Maintained by ship. Equilibrator Temperature: Location: Inserted into equilibrator ~5 cm below water level Manufacturer: Hart Model: 1523 Accuracy: ± 0.015 °C Precision: 0.001 °C Calibration: Factory calibration Warming: 0.2 - 0.5 °C Comments: Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision. Equilibrator Pressure: Location: Attached to equilibrator headspace Manufacturer: Setra Model: 239 Accuracy: ± 0.052 hPa Precision: 0.01 hPa Calibration: Factory calibration Comments: Differential pressure reading from Setra-239 attached to the equilibrator headspace was added to the pressure reading from the Setra-270 on the exit of the analyzer to yield the equlibrator pressure. Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision. Atmospheric Pressure: Location: On mast above the bridge at ~35 m above sea surface water Manufacturer: Vaisala Model: PTB220 Accuracy: ± 0.15 hPa Precision: 0.01 hPa Calibration: Factory calibration Comments: Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision; Maintained by ship. Sea Surface Salinity: Location: In dry lab after a debubbler, next to CO2 system Manufacturer: Seabird Model: SBE 45 Accuracy: ± 0.005 permil Precision: 0.0002 permil Calibration: Factory calibration Comments: Manufacturer's Resolution is taken as Precision; Maintained by ship. Other Sensors: Location: attached to CO2 analyzer exit to lab Manufacturer: Setra Model: 270 Accuracy: ± 0.05 hPa Resolution: 0.015 hPa Calibration: Factory calibration Comments: Pressure reading from the Setra-270 on the exit of the analyzer was added to the differential pressure reading from Setra-239 attached to the equilibrator headspace to yield the equlibrator pressure. Additional Information: Around 13:00 on 12 July, 2013, the data acquisition stopped for 40 minutes. When the software was restarted, the temperature of the condenser was close to 0° C. After 11 hours, the gas flow during EQU analyses went to zero. This condition was recognized after 8.5 days (ship did not have email connections) and was believed to be due to an ice blockage. The data acquisition was stopped and the power to the analytical system was turned off for 12 hours. When the system was restarted, the condenser temperature returned to its normal 5° C. During HB1303 the primary sensor for SST (SBE38) worked intermittently. For analyses without SBE38 readings, the SST was estimated from the internal temperature of the TSG (by subtracting 0.20° C) and from the lower hull-mounted Furuno temperature sensor (by subtracting 0.43° C). The connection to the ship's sensors was lost for 90 minutes on 30 July. The connection to the ship's sensors was lost twice during HB1303 - for 11.5 days starting at 07:30 on 4 July and for 90 minutes starting at 17:45 on 30 July. The data (15-second averages) from the ship's sensors were merged with 4730 CO2 analyses after the cruise. Data Set Link: URL: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/rvbigelow_introduction.php Label: AOML Underway fCO2 Data Link Note: All AOML fCO2 underway data from the R/V Henry B. Bigelow are posted on this site. Form Type: underway