M/V Falstaff cruise:		FAL07

This cruise was part of the European CAVASSOO project.

Most recent update:		12. Jan 2011

Date of cruise (dd/mm/yyyy):	30.06. - 07.07.2002
Geographic coverage: 		50 N, 0 W - 35 N, 70 W
Ports of call: 			Southampton, UK - New York, USA

Vessel name:	M/V Falstaff
Vessel ID:	SLCO
Country:	Sweden
Owner:		Wallenius Lines

PI:		Arne Koertzinger
		Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR)
		Duesternbrooker Weg 20
		24105 Kiel
		Germany
		akoertzinger@ifm-geomar.de

Citation: 	Luger, H., Nojiri, Y.,  Steinhoff, T., Wallace, D.W.R. and Koertzinger, A. (2002). 
		Underway fCO2 measurements in the North Atlantic Ocean on 
      M/V Falstaff in July 2002.

Reported  variables:
(1)	Cruise ID
(2-4)	Year|Month|Day		date
(5-7)	Hour|Minute|Second		time (UTC)
(8)	Day of year			decimal year day
(9)	Longitude [deg E]		Longitude in decimal degrees E
(10)	Latitude [deg N]		Latitude in decimal degrees N
(11)	SST [deg C]			Sea surface temperature in deg C
(12)	SSS				Sea surface salinity 
(13) 	Atm. Pressure [mbar]		Atmospheric pressure in mbar
(14)	Equi Temp [deg C]		Water temperature inside the equilibrator in deg C
(15)	Equi Press [mbar]		Pressureinside the equilibrator in mbar
(16)	xCO2 (equi temp, dry) [ppm]	mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator 
      headspace (dry) at equilibrator  temperature in ppm	
(17)	pCO2 (SST, 100hum) [uatm]	partial pressure of CO2 in seawater at SST and
      100% humidity in uatm
(18)	fCO2 (SST, 100hum) [uatm]	fugacity of CO2 in seawater at SST and
      100% humidity in uatm
(19)	Atm. xCO2 (dry) [ppm]		mole fraction of CO2 of atmospheric air in ppm
(20)	Atm xCO2 (dry, running mean) [ppm]	same as 18 but with a running mean to interpolate 
						between measurements.

Instrument information:
- SST (+- 0.05 deg C):
SST was measured with a thermosalinograph from Seabird (SBE21) with an external SBE38 which was installed near the seawater intake. Both instruments were calibrated approximately every 6 months.

-SSS (+- 0.1 PSU):
SSS was measured with a thermosalinograph from Seabird (SBE21) which was calibrated approximately every 6 months.

-Atmospheric press. (+- 0.1 mbar):
The atmospheric pressure was measured next to the instrument.

-Equilibrator temp (0.1 C):
The euilibrator temp probe was calibrated with the SBE38.

-Equilibrator press (+- 0.1 mbar):
The measured atmospheric  pressure was used also for equilibrator pressure.

-pCO2/fCO2 (+- 3 uatm):	
	IR sensor:		Licor 6262, calibrated with 3 standard gases.
	Standard gases:		Deuste Steininger (284.7, 349.3, 448.6 ppm), calibrated against 
      NOAA/CMDL standard gases. Resulting uncertainty: +- 0.7 ppm.
	Water flow rate: 	ca. 20 L min-1
	Gas flow rate:		100 mL min-1

A custom made system provided by the Lab of Y. Nojiri was used for the pCO2 measurements. The system is described in detail in Luger et al. (2004) and Steinhoff (2010). Surface water is pumped continuously from the intake to the equilibrator. The equilibrator is a tandem type with two stages: The seawater enters from the top into a shower-type upper stage which is mounted on top of the bubble-type lower stage. The headspace is dried and xCO2 is determined by an infrared sensor. Calculations were performed following Pierrot et al. (2009) and are described in detail in Luger et al. (2004) and Steinhoff (2010). 


References:
Luger, H., Wallace, D. W. R., Koertzinger, A., and Nojiri, Y. (2004). The pCO2 varability in
the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean during a full annual cycle. Global Biochem. Cycles, 18,
GB3023.

Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Luger, H., Johannessen, T.,
Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., and Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway
pCO2 measuring systems and data reduction routines. Deep-Sea Res. II , 56, 512_522.

Steinhoff, T. (2010). Carbon and nutrient fluxes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Dissertation. http://eldiss.uni-kiel.de/macau/receive/dissertation_diss_00005704