MAGNETIC TAPE DESCRIPTIVE FILE                              
                                                                                
                                                                                
DATASET TITLE: TRANSIENT TRACERS IN THE OCEANS (TTO) - HYDROGRAPHIC             
               DATA AND CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEMS WITH REVISED CARBON              
               CHEMISTRY DATA                                                   
                                                                                
CONTRIBUTOR(S): (ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY)                                       
                PETER G. BREWER                                                 
                WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION                            
                WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS 02543                                 
                                                                                
                TARO TAKAHASHI                                                  
                LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY                           
                PALISADES, NEW YORK 10964                                       
                                                                                
                ROBERT T. WILLIAMS                                              
                SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY                             
                UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA                                        
                LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92093                                      

DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/otg.ndp004
                                                                                
PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS IN THE TTO NORTH ATLANTIC EXPERIMENT:                
                                                                                
LAMONT-DOHERTY GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY                      
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY                                                            
SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA                   
ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, UNIV. OF MIAMI             
WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION                                            
                                                                                
     THE TTO STUDY WAS SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION             
AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.                                              
                                                                                
SCOPE OF THE DATA: THE TRANSIENT TRACERS IN THE OCEAN (TTO) STUDY               
WAS AN EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE MANNER AND TIME SCALE OF OCEAN             
MIXING, AS DEDUCED FROM THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOCHEMICAL TRACERS               
INJECTED INTO THE OCEANS FROM NUCLEAR BOMB TESTS DURING THE PERIOD              
1958-1962.  THE DATA PROVIDE A CRUCIAL TEST FOR MODELS OF OCEANIC CO2           
UPTAKE. VIRTUALLY ALL SUCCESSFUL MODELS OF OCEANIC CO2 UPTAKE RELY              
ON THE TRACER APPROACH SINCE THERE IS NO COMPARABLE DIRECT TIME SERIES          
OF OCEAN CO2 MEASURMENTS AS IS THE CASE FOR ATMOSPHERIC CO2.                    
     A TOTAL OF 250 HYDROGRAPHIC STATIONS WERE OCCUPIED DURING THE              
TTO NORTH ATLANTIC STUDY.  APPROXIMATELY 9000 INDIVIDUAL WATER SAMPLES          
WERE TAKEN, WITH MOST BEING ANALYZED FOR SALINITY, OXYGEN, AND                  
NUTRIENTS.  OVER 3000 SAMPLES FOR TRITIUM ANALYSIS WERE COLLECTED               
AND OVER 1000 SAMPLES FOR RADIOCARBON WERE TAKEN.                               
     ANY COMBINATION OF TWO OF THE FOUR VARIABLES: PH, PCO2,                    
ALKALINITY, AND TOTAL CO2 PERMITS A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE                 
CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM, WITHIN THE LIMITS OF ACCURACY OF THE                     
THERMODYNAMIC CONSTANTS REQUIRED FOR THE CALCULATION.                           
                                                                                
DATA FORMAT: FOUR DOS ASCII TEXT FILES ARE PROVIDED WITHIN THIS SUB-            
DIRECTORY (NDP004) INCLUDING THIS DESCRIPTIVE FILE (NDP004.TXT),                
ONE DATA FILE THAT CONTAINS THE ORIGINAL RELEASE OF THE TTO DATA                
(NDP004.ORG), A REVISION OF THE ORIGINAL TTO DATA FILE THAT                     
CONTAINS REVISED ESTIMATES OF TOTAL CO2 AND PREVIOUSLY UNPUBLISHED              
PCO2 VALUES (NDP004.REV), AND A FORTRAN CODE TO READ AND PRINT THE TTO          
DATA FILES (NDP004.FOR).                                                        
                                                                                
                         REFERENCES                                             
                                                                                
BREWER, P.G., A.L. BRADSHAW, AND R.T. WILLIAMS. 1986.  MEASUREMENTS             
     OF TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE AND ALKALINITY IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC               
     OCEAN IN 1981. PGS 348-370 IN THE CHANGING CARBON CYCLE: A                 
     GLOBAL ANALYSIS, J.R. TRABALKA AND D.E. REICHLE EDITORS,                   
     SPRINGER-VERLAG, NEW YORK.                                                 
                                                                                
TAKAHASHI, T., AND P.G. BREWER. 1986.  HYDROGRAPHIC AND CHEMISTRY               
     DATA FOR THE TTO/NAS EXPEDITION, APRIL - OCTOBER, 1981:                    
     REVISED CARBON CHEMISTRY DATA. (LETTER TO CDIAC).